I
built this Product Web Service using Apache Wink. It can perform add, update,
delete and retrieval of products in memory. I intend to explain the basics of
REST using Apache Wink using this. REST stands for Representational State
Transfer. REST is based on the concepts of Roy Fielding’s dissertation work as
part of his thesis. It works on the HTTP protocol and has the following differences
when compared to SOAP:
- Works
on HTTP protocol, as compared to SOAP which creates their own protocol
- Uses
HTTP GET, PUT, POST, DELETE as compared to SOAP which uses only POST
- It
uses the HTTP infrastructure, whereas SOAP is transport neutral
- The
producer and consumer are aware of the content being exchanged
- It
does not support many Non Functional Requirements or any WS-* Standards
INSTALLATIONS REQUIRED
Eclipse
4.2.0
Apache
Wink 1.4.0
Apache
Tomcat 8.0.9
JDK
1.7.0 / JRE 1.7.0
SERVER / WEB SERVICE
The
steps to build the web service using Apache Wink are given below:
1.
Create a Dynamic Web Project in Eclipse
2.
Build the Core Application that performs CRUD
/**
*
*/
package me.sumithpuri.rest.persistence;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import me.sumithpuri.rest.vo.Product;
/**
* @author sumith_puri
*
*/
public class ProductPersistenceManager {
private List<Product> productDatabase = new ArrayList<Product>();
private static ProductPersistenceManager persistenceManager;
private static int id=0;
private ProductPersistenceManager() {
}
public void add(Product product) {
System.out.println("database: added one product");
// atomic id creation
id++;
product.setId(id);
productDatabase.add(product);
}
public List<Product> get() {
System.out.println("database: retrieved all products");
return productDatabase;
}
public void update(long productId, String productName) {
System.out.println("database: modified one product");
for(int i=0;i<productDatabase.size();i++) {
Product product = productDatabase.get(i);
if(product.getId()==productId) {
product.setName(productName);
productDatabase.remove(i);
productDatabase.add(i,product);
}
}
return;
}
public void delete(long productId) {
System.out.println("database: deleted one product");
for(int i=0;i<productDatabase.size();i++) {
Product product = productDatabase.get(i);
if(product.getId()==productId) productDatabase.remove(i);
}
return;
}
public static ProductPersistenceManager getInstance() {
if(persistenceManager==null) {
synchronized(ProductPersistenceManager.class) {
if(persistenceManager==null) {
persistenceManager = new ProductPersistenceManager();
}
}
}
return persistenceManager;
}
}
3. Add the Supporting JAR files in the Build Path
4. Create the REST Web Service using Apache Wink (GET, POST,
DELETE, PUT)
package me.sumithpuri.rest.webservice;
import java.util.List;
import javax.ws.rs.DELETE;
import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.POST;
import javax.ws.rs.PUT;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.PathParam;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
import me.sumithpuri.rest.persistence.ProductPersistenceManager;
import me.sumithpuri.rest.vo.Product;
/**
* @author sumith_puri
*
*/
@Path("product")
public class ProductWebService {
ProductPersistenceManager persistenceManager = ProductPersistenceManager.getInstance();
@GET
@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
public String getProducts() {
List<Product> products = persistenceManager.get();
String productList = new String();
for(Product producti: products) {
productList+=producti.toString() + "\n";
}
// return as plain text - other types include xml, json
return productList;
}
@POST
public String addProducts(String productStr) {
Product product = new Product();
product.setName(productStr);
persistenceManager.add(product);
return productStr;
}
@DELETE
@Path("/{id}")
public void deleteProduct(@PathParam(value="id") long id) {
persistenceManager.delete(id);
return;
}
@PUT
@Path("/{id}")
public void modifyProduct(@PathParam(value="id") long id, String productName) {
persistenceManager.update(id, productName);
return;
}
}
5. Configure Application for Apache Wink
To allow Apache Wink to locate this service as a REST web service, you can either define an additional class or configure an application file. We are using an application to mention all our web service.
You can place this under
WEB-INF/ and name the file as simply ‘application’ (without any extension).
me.sumithpuri.rest.webservice.ProductWebService
Next, you need to specify the servlet related
configuration for allowing Apache Wink REST Servlet to locate this appliatiocn
configuration, by specifying the location of ‘application’ as the parameter ‘applicationConfigLocation’
in WEB-INF/web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>products</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>restService</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.wink.server.internal.servlet.RestServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>applicationConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/application</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>restService</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/rest/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
6. Deploy as Apache Tomcat Web App, Directly
CLIENT / WEB SERVICE
CLIENT
The
steps to test the web service or write a REST client are as follows:
1. Create a Java Project in Eclipse
2. Include the Support Client JAR files in the Classpath
3. Build the client to test or access GET method
4. Build the client to test or access POST method
5. Build the client to test or access DELETE method
6. Build the client to test or access PUT method
package me.sumithpuri.rest.client;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
import org.apache.wink.client.ClientConfig;
import org.apache.wink.client.Resource;
import org.apache.wink.client.RestClient;
/**
* @author sumith_puri
*
*/
class ProductRESTClient {
static String REST_WEB_SERVICE="http://localhost:8080/products/rest/product";
static ClientConfig clientConfig = new ClientConfig();
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
try {
ProductRESTClient restClient = new ProductRESTClient();
System.out.println("Apache Wink Based REST Client");
System.out.println("Sumith Kumar Puri (c) 2015");
System.out.println("=============================");
restClient.configureClient();
System.out.println();
restClient.invokeGET();
System.out.println();
String product="Sumith Puri" + (int) (Math.random()*9999);
restClient.invokePOST(product);
System.out.println();
product="Sumith Puri" + (int) (Math.random()*9999);
restClient.invokePOST(product);
System.out.println();
product="Sumith Puri" + (int) (Math.random()*9999);
restClient.invokePOST(product);
System.out.println();
product="Sumith Puri" + (int) (Math.random()*9999);
restClient.invokePOST(product);
System.out.println();
restClient.invokeGET();
System.out.println();
restClient.invokeDELETE(2L);
System.out.println();
restClient.invokeGET();
System.out.println();
product="Sumith Puri" + (int) (Math.random()*9999);
restClient.invokePOST(product);
System.out.println();
product="Sumith Puri" + (int) (Math.random()*9999);
restClient.invokePOST(product);
System.out.println();
restClient.invokeDELETE(4L);
System.out.println();
restClient.invokeGET();
System.out.println();
restClient.invokePUT(3L,"Sumith Puri");
System.out.println();
restClient.invokeGET();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void configureClient() {
}
public void invokeGET() {
System.out.println("Testing GET command....");
RestClient restClient = new RestClient(clientConfig);
Resource resource = restClient.resource(REST_WEB_SERVICE);
String response = resource.accept("text/plain").get(String.class);
System.out.printf(response);
System.out.println("...GET command is successful");
}
public void invokePOST(String product) {
System.out.println("Testing POST command...");
RestClient restClient = new RestClient(clientConfig);
Resource resource = restClient.resource(REST_WEB_SERVICE);
resource.contentType(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN).accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN).post(String.class,product);
System.out.println("...POST command is successful");
}
public void invokePUT(Long id, String productName) {
System.out.println("Testing PUT command...");
RestClient restClient = new RestClient(clientConfig);
Resource resource = restClient.resource(REST_WEB_SERVICE+"/"+id);
resource.contentType(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN).accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN).put(String.class, productName);
System.out.println("...PUT command is successful");
}
public void invokeDELETE(Long id) {
System.out.println("Testing DELETE command...");
RestClient restClient = new RestClient(clientConfig);
Resource resource = restClient.resource(REST_WEB_SERVICE+"/"+id);
resource.contentType(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN).accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN).delete();
System.out.println("...DELETE command is successful");
}
}
OUTPUT (FIRST ACCESS)
Apache Wink Based REST Client
Sumith Kumar Puri (c) 2015
=============================
Testing GET command....
...GET command is successful
Testing POST command...
...POST command is successful
Testing POST command...
...POST command is successful
Testing GET command....
ID:1, NAME: Sumith Puri3169
ID:2, NAME: Sumith Puri6052
...GET command is successful
Testing DELETE command...
...DELETE command is successful
Testing GET command....
ID:1, NAME: Sumith Puri3169
...GET command is successful
Testing POST command...
...POST command is successful
Testing POST command...
...POST command is successful
Testing DELETE command...
...DELETE command is successful
Testing GET command....
ID:1, NAME: Sumith Puri3169
ID:3, NAME: Sumith Puri732
...GET command is successful
Testing PUT command...
...PUT command is successful
Testing GET command....
ID:1, NAME: Sumith Puri3169
ID:3, NAME: Sumith Puri
...GET command is successful
DOWNLOADS
CONCLUSION
In this blog, you have seen how to build REST web services using Apache Wink for basic data types. Next, I will blog on how to include Jackson or Jettison as the stream reader or stream writer JSON libraries, so that we can read and write complex or application object types. It will be titled ‘REST Using Apache Wink and Jackson/Jettison’.
[GitHub Repository for Code Samples]
https://github.com/sumithpuri/skp-code-marathon-hochiminh
